A Cruel Summer Drought Doomed Lupine Seedlings But Liatris Glorious

I went out this weekend to check on what seedlings I had flagged and found no survivors. I also had trouble finding one of the flags.

It had been a brutally hot summer with relatively little rain and heat indexes exceeding 100 F, so I was not surprised.

However, a short distance away the Scrub Lupine were in full bloom and some still budding, perhaps in response to recent rainfall and milder daytime temperatures.

This is an El Nino year. which normally means a wet winter. That may mean good conditions for seedling emergence in late winter and early spring. However,

survival as usual depends on what happens the rest of the year. I have not seen any predictions.

Fuel "Reduction" Indeed

I finally got a response of sorts from the person in charge of managing the preserve regarding the massive chainsaw operations around the Scrub Lupine planting areas.

The answer and promise not to laugh. was that they were conducting a "fuels reduction" operation. As you can see from these photos nothing has been reduced: except the height of the fuels.

Now there is a mass of dead vegetation lying on the ground, and in some cases seeming to block any chance for lupine seedlings to sprout beneath the dense piles of chainsawed foliage. I searched what open areas still remained in the first planting area and did not find any sign of seedling emergence.

There has been a mild drought this year and that was probably a factor, too.

Nevertheless, I suspect this work is done by unsupervised contractors, My original suggestion that they clear around the planting areas to reduce shade and leaf litter was somehow misinterpreted to mean to cut down a bunch of trees and leave the debris lying across the landscape.  

Meanwhile, summer is coming. Maybe a lucky lightning strike or two will deal with the situation.

The visit did have some highlights. Scrub blazing star, scrub morning glory and Curtiss' milkweed are blooming along with some more common plant species. Also, I flushed a Common Nighhawk from  its spot along one of the trails on my way and out of the preserve, which leads ne to believe it may be nesting. I left quickly to avoid stressing it.further.

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Lupine Update: No Surviving Seedlings This Year

 I revisited the site today to see if either of the two surviving Scrub Lupine seedlings were still alive.

They were not.

It has been a relatively dry summer and fall, but these are scrub plants that are adapted to arid conditions. so I doubt weather had anything to do with it.

All of the other plants here are thriving.

Habitat quality is not the whole story, either. 

Although some parts of the original planting areas and a later planting area are badly overgrown, there is still adequate open habitat with minimal leaf litter at the sites where this year's seedlings emerged. There seems to be fewer and fewer seedlings emerging each year. 

This was an experiment and sometimes experiments do not produce the desired results.

One thing I was wondering about is whether putting fire in the never-burned section where lupines emerged from an old seed bank might produce some results.

I'll leave that to people who are more qualified than I am to evaluate the situation All I can do is monitor and report the results.

Scrub Liatris Appears To Be Expanding

 I hiked the middle east-west trail today to check on the one surviving Scrub Lupine in the second planting area--it still lives and appears healthy--when I saw something else worth noting.

The Scrub Blazing Star aka Sand Torch (Liatris ohlingerae) appears to be spreading into the habitat on both sides of the trail. There were several plants in various stages of flowering both at the edge of the trail.and in the nearby open scrub.

I had also saw one plant in full bloom along the north-south trail, which 20 years ago was the main  location of this species in the preserve. 

I also saw a couple of  Bonamia grandiflora and  Asclepias curtissi.

I was also checking on something else, which was the presence or absence of acorns on the Turkey Oaks.

It was mostly absence. I cannot explain it since there  many acorns on these trees right now in other parts of the county. Very curious. 

Hardly A Seedling Anywhere; Second Plant Unexpectedly Blooms

 Thia is so far the worst season for seedlings I can recall. During a survey this week I found one more to bring the total barely into the double digits and it is almost April.

It has been somewhat drier than usual when I compared rainfall data at my home about a mile away between the two years.

There are no seedlings in the path so far.

Meanwhile, in the third planting area, a plant I though was dead has since my last visit sprouted leaves and flowers.

However the habitat around these plants is not hospitable to germination because it is overgrown and has a lot of leaf litter;

I may need to go out and do some temporary clearing and ask for a Ridge Rangers work day to follow up.

Still Few Lupine Seedlings; No Blooms On Possibly Declining Sole Mature Plant

 I visited the preserve today to see if there was any progress on this year's McFarlin's Lupine seedling season.

There was not. Two more in the second planting area and no more in the first planting area and only two more in the second planting area. There were none in the third planting area and the lone mature plant had a gray branch, making we wonder whether it will survive in time to bloom.

The bloom times have varied so I will just have to monitor. The issue through is that even if it blooms, it is growing in an overgrown area that is not optimal for seedling dispersal and emergence.

I have no control over that; it is up to FWC land managers to fix.

On the way out I checked the area where I usually find  Clitoria fragrans and found none. Not sure what that means.

I also collected a few pounds of broken glass and other debris.

 

The Fire Lane Becomes A Fire Lane Again

 I was pleasantly surprised  on New Year's Day to see the mowing crew had arrived recently to give the fire lane a haircut so that it becomes a fire lane again.

I was visiting to collect trash exposed in the sand after recent rains. I collected a bucketful of glass shards, cans, bottles and an old shoe. 

The mowing crew did leave the area around the first lupine planting area alone as agreed to previously.

I briefly checked on the lupines in the second planting area. A few are still surviving and appeared healthy.

I will begin checking on new seedlings  in a few weeks.

The north and south fire lanes are flanked by exotic trees. 

One thing to watch is whether they cause problems inside the preserve. These species become quite  large at maturity, so they could become an issue if they become established.

Fall Arrives, But Some Wildflowers Waiting

 

Today was the first day of fall and I went out in the midday heat to find out what was blooming.

It was mostly an early purple affair. The Chapman's Blazing Star were rife in their usual spots on the preserve's west side.

In the center were an impressive array of Scrub Blazing Star. 

I saw one blooming Scrub Morning Glory and the Scrub Holly berries are emerging, but are still green.

I noticed a handful of the McFarlin's Lupin have survived their first summer, which is a sign they may survive to adulthood, but there is another summer between now and then.

Still holding off from flowering here are the Carphephorous and the Balduina, both of which are still in the bud stage.

I noticed the recent rains have turned up more broken glass and I found an intact beer bottle and wine bottle that re likely courtesy of the generosity of the neighbors.

I guess will have to return with a grabber and a bucket to remove them from the landscape.

Seedlings Survive Tropical Storm Debby

 I went out today to check on storm damage, but noticed fresh tire tracks that led me to conclude FWC folks were on the job. 

I did check the second Scrub Lupine planting area and found all of the seedlings appeared to have survived after surviving the hot spring weather.

Let's see if they survive until next spring and grow to maturity. 

I checked on the Clitoria fragrans, too. It seems to be holding on, but could use some new material.

The rain also exposed more formerly buried trash, I will return to collect.

I noticed that in the east-west corridor near the second lupine planting area there is an abundance of Septic Weed/Coffee Senna, probably brought in by mowing equipment, Sleepy Orange likes that, as I recall.

  

Some Lupine Seedlings Survive Until The Start of the Rainy Season; Most Do Not

 I made a quick survey of the lupine patches in the afternoon summer heat today.

I stopped first at the second planting area and found eight of the 12 seedlings that emerged this year still alive, though some were less robust looking than others.

I headed north to the call of a Northern Bobwhite somewhere in the fencerow. It was the first one I had heard there in a few years.

The fire lane appeared to have been recently mowed, exposing a lot of small debris that I will deal with in cooler parts of the day.

I finally reached the first planting area and found one lone surviving seedling among the 64 I had flagged earlier this year. It was at the northern edge of the east-west path.

I will come back later to remove the flags/

I was thinking I had kept numbers in previous years, but apparently I did not.

A quick word about June weather.

The National Weather Service, this was the fourth warmest June on record with an average temperature of 84.4 F. Official rainfall was 7.4 inches, but at my house,, which is about halfway between Gilbert Field and the preserve, I recorded 8.9 inches.

Despite Record Dry May, Some Lupine Seedlings Survive

 My is always a tough time for Lupine seedlings because of the typical heat and lack of rainfall.

According to the National Weather Service in Ruskin, the average temperature in Winter Haven last month was 82.9 F, which is the hottest since the station began keeping records in 1941.

Rainfall was 2.61 inches, but most of that fell in a single day in the middle of the month. There has been no measurable precipitation at my home a mile from the preserve  since May 16.

In the first planting area, 8 of the 65 seedlings flagged earlier this year are still alive.

In the second planting area, 10 of the 12 flagged seedlings are surviving.

In the third planting area, which is the worst managed of the site, all four seedlings are dead.

That means that so far the survival rate is   about 20 percent, which is encouraging. 

Rainfall is predicted this week. 

McFarlin's Lupine Gains Full Species Status; New Justification For Increased Protection, Improved Site Management

 

The pink-blossomed lupine that grows here is finally a full species again and this time it looks as though the designation will stick.

Although a local botanist named James Brigham McFarlin wrote in the early 1930s that this lupine was likely a separate species, he never formally described it.

That task fell to John Beckner, who published the first formal description in 1982 and named it Lupinus aridorum. However in 1986 another botanist named Duane Isley wrote that it was a variety of Lupinus westianus., a species found in the Florida Panhandle.

Now thanks to the recently published results of detailed genetic and morphological analysis of lupines throughout Florida  by Edwin Bridges and Steve Enzor, the plant has regained its full species status. 

According to an article  published in the latest issue of Sabal Minor, the Florida Native Plant Society's bimonthly newsletter, the reclassification provides greater justification for more efforts to protect the few remaining populations.

The article says that Bridges and Orzell have concluded that now that the uncertainty over whether this  was a separate species or merely a variety of another species found in the western Panhandle has been resolved, its status has changed from Globally Vulnerable to Globally Imperiled.

That, in turn, could help to attract state and federal resources to prevent its extinction.

Here at the preserve that would certainly mean opening up more of the terrain around the planting sites to provide better conditions for seed germination and pant survival.

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Lupine Seedling Count Increases Slightly

 I continued the survey of what should be near the end of seedling emergence.

The total as of today was:

First planting area:  85 seedlings.

Second planting area: 12 seedlings.

Third planting area: 4 seedlings.

Today I found one new seedling in each planting area.

As expected, several of the seedlings have died already,

I will follow up at the end of the dry season to check on the survival rate.

I also checked the fence line on the south tract. There is still a cherry laurel blocking the fire lane.

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Seedlings Still Appearing; Open Gate

 I am still finding additional seedlings at the preserve.

All of them are in the first planting area.

Although the majority are in the path next to the first planting area, I finally found one seedling in one of the openings in the first planting area's western section.

The adult plants from later plantings and seedling survival from a couple of years ago are pretty much done blooming. They should start broadcasting seeds in a month or so.

Like others in this planting area, the seedlings are popping up amid the sand spike moss (Selaginella arenicola) that has re-established itself after being removed back when to make way for the initial planting.

In places where I have open sand, Sand Skink tracks are hard to miss, which is another sign of spring.

On the way back to my truck, I noticed the front gate was open. The chain and lock were intact, so I assumed someone just forgot to relock it when they left. Anyway,. it is locked now.

More Lupines And A Bucketful of Debris

 I revisited the site this morning and put down six more flags, five in the first planting area and one in the second planting area.

One interesting change was I found the westernmost seedling just west of the westermost mature plant that has flowered for the past two years.

I visited the volunteer sites and still find no seedlings. Maybe a future burn will change that. 

The mature plants are still blooming, but one looked close to being done.

While I was doing this I walked the trail system and picked some pieces of broken beer and soda bottles and other debris that rain and wind exposed.

I also noticed a vehicle had been on site recently. but had not entered the path full of seedlings next to the first planting area, which made me glad that my friends at FWC have put the word out to avoid that area.

  

Seedlings Still Popping Up; More Plants Begin To Bloom

 I went out today with just enough flags to mark additional seedlings that I found today.

The bulk of the seedlings are still occurring in open areas in and around the first planting area, which was established in 2008.

According to my count today, there are 54 seedlings in that area.

There are nine seedlings so far in the second planting area, which was established in 2010.

In the most recent planting area, which dates from less than five years ago, there were only three seedlings.

I have checked the volunteer areas farther west a couple of times and so far have found no seedlings.

I'd add that a few of the seedlings I  have flagged this year have already died, which is expected.    

I plan to check for new seedlings at least once again this month. I normally don't any after that.

I plan a follow up survey in May or June to see how many of the seedlings have survived.

Lupines Begin To Bloom

 

While I was checking for and finding additional seedlings at the preserve today, I walked by the only mature plant near the first planting area and noticed it was beginning to bloom.

I did not check the plants in the third planting area, but assume they will begin blooming soon.

I left some extra flags to use in the next survey.

After I left that area. I went out to check the north fence line,

I noticed one of the neighbors had a hog pen, complete with hog.

I noticed some hog damage in the fire land nearby, but for now the animal appeared to be securely confined. 

 

Additional Reasons To Keep Vehicles Away From Lupine Area

 During the ongoing monitoring of the emergence of this year's crop of Scrub Lupine seedlings I feel vindicated about making it a point to emphasize the need to keep vehicles out of the path near the original planting area.

That's because that seems to be where the bulk of this year's crop lies.

As you can see by the flags, they are spread all the across the path.

I also checked the volunteer area farther west. No seedlings were present. Probably needs its first burn. It is the only section of the north tract that has never been burned.

   

Next Time Bring More Flags

I went out today to monitor the seedling emergence.

It is increasing and I did not bring enough flags to mark every plant.

So far it looks like there are about 50 seedlings, mostly in the first planting area.

The new seedlings include plants emerging in a portion of the trail near the first planting area, but not near the area where some mature plants put out seeds last year before the tractors may have buried them.

If the pledge to keep vehicles out of the path near the first planting area is honored. it would  protect those plants. 

Meanwhile, a handful of adult plants appear to be ready to bloom within the next month.

Next year may be interesting.

 

Lupines Still Popping Up; Cogon Grass Even More So

 

This afternoon I found more Scrub Lupine seedlings, all of the new ones in and around the first planting area.

I also found a second plant from last year's crop whose flag had faded so much I had not noticed it earlier.

One of the seedlings appeared to have died already, which is not unusual. The test will be to see how may survive until the summer rainy season.

Meanwhile the Cogon Grass patch at the southeastern corner of the northern tract continues to spread untreated. At last check it seemed to be spreading toward the eastern fire lane rather than westward toward a small patch of Clitoria fragrans that only inhabits that part of the preserve.

Many years ago there was a small patch of Cogon Grass in that section of the fire lane. I duck it up and bagged and then brought in some Natal Grass from elsewhere in the preserve to outcompete, which it did for many years.

This is no longer a small patch and if my friends from FWC are reading this, you might want to check out the situation.